What is Android?



Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies.
Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices which means developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to run on different devices powered by Android.
The first beta version of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released by Google in 2007 where as the first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008.
On June 27, 2012, at the Google I/O conference, Google announced the next Android version, 4.1 Jelly Bean. Jelly Bean is an incremental update, with the primary aim of improving the user interface, both in terms of functionality and performance.
The source code for Android is available under free and open source software licenses. Google publishes most of the code under the Apache License version 2.0 and the rest, Linux kernel changes, under the GNU General Public License version 2.

Why Android ?



Features of Android

Android is a powerful operating system competing with Apple 4GS and supports great features. Few of them are listed below:
FeatureDescription
Beautiful UIAndroid OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user interface.
ConnectivityGSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.
StorageSQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.
Media supportH.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP
MessagingSMS and MMS
Web browserBased on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.
Multi-touchAndroid has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.
Multi-taskingUser can jump from one task to another and same time various application can run simultaneously.
Resizable widgetsWidgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content or shrink them to save space
Multi-LanguageSupports single direction and bi-directional text.
GCMGoogle Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short message data to their users on Android devices, without needing a proprietary sync solution.
Wi-Fi DirectA technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a high-bandwidth peer-to-peer connection.
Android BeamA popular NFC-based technology that lets users instantly share, just by touching two NFC-enabled phones together.

Android Applications

Android applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android Software Development Kit.
Once developed, Android applications can be packaged easily and sold out either through a store such as Google Play,SlideME,Opera Mobile Store,Mobango,F-droid and the Amazon Appstore.
Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more than 190 countries around the world. It's the largest installed base of any mobile platform and growing fast. Every day more than 1 million new Android devices are activated worldwide.
This tutorial has been written with an aim to teach you how to develop and package Android application. We will start from environment setup for Android application programming and then drill down to look into various aspects of Android applications.

Categories of Android applications

There are many android applications in the market. The top categories are:


History of Android

The code names of android ranges from A to L currently, such as Aestro, Blender, Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwitch, Jelly Bean, KitKat and Lollipop. Let's understand the android history in a sequence.

What is API level?

API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifies the framework API revision offered by a version of the Android platform.
Platform VersionAPI LevelVERSION_CODE
Android 5.122LOLLIPOP_MR1
Android 5.021LOLLIPOP
Android 4.4W20KITKAT_WATCHKitKat for Wearables Only
Android 4.419KITKAT
Android 4.318JELLY_BEAN_MR2
Android 4.2, 4.2.217JELLY_BEAN_MR1
Android 4.1, 4.1.116JELLY_BEAN
Android 4.0.3, 4.0.415ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH_MR1
Android 4.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.214ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH
Android 3.213HONEYCOMB_MR2
Android 3.1.x12HONEYCOMB_MR1
Android 3.0.x11HONEYCOMB
Android 2.3.4
Android 2.3.3
10GINGERBREAD_MR1
Android 2.3.2
Android 2.3.1
Android 2.3
9GINGERBREAD
Android 2.2.x8FROYO
Android 2.1.x7ECLAIR_MR1
Android 2.0.16ECLAIR_0_1
Android 2.05ECLAIR
Android 1.64DONUT
Android 1.53CUPCAKE
Android 1.12BASE_1_1
Android 1.01BASE

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